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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

The machine espresso uses precision pressure, and filter technology that is mind-blowing to make the coffee you enjoy. But how exactly does it work?

Espresso is produced by pushing hot water under high pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, the pressure is the main difference.

The Head of the Group

As the name implies, the group head is the place you place your portafilter while making espresso. It disperses water in the portafilter and regulates the pressure of the extraction. There are many different kinds of group head each with its particular advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed to provide temperature stability while others are designed to handle pre-infusion. Some are designed to control the lever. Some have a combination, such as the E61. This is a preferred choice for baristas due to the fact that it has multiple benefits in a single package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head is made up of several notches where you place your portafilter before twisting it by hand to secure it. There is also a gasket made of rubber which is located inside the notches and helps create an airtight seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head allow for a precise placement of the portafilter, which is necessary to ensure an even extraction.

The group head is not just able to allow you to insert your portafilter easily however, it also keeps the same temperature. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the correct temperature to extract. It is important to note that even a few degree differences can make the distinction between a good and excellent espresso.

The Pump

Unlike manual piston machines, which rely on a lever that pressurize water, rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps that provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. The pressure is created by removing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being shot through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps are typically less expensive than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer, but both types of machines can be damaged by excessive use and inadequate cleaning. They also create mechanical complexity which can result in a high price tag on even the simplest models.

Some espresso machines remove the pump completely and make use of steam pressure to make espresso. This can result in over-extraction because the boiler that produces steam also causes the water to boil. They also have to continually rebuild their pressure between cups. This requires energy and time.

Many espresso machines utilize the rotary or vibration pump, with a vibrating model using a rotating disc to create the pressure, and rotating models that push hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both machines can make great espresso, however rotary machines are more quiet, durable and less likely to fail.

The Boiler

The boiler is what heats the water to the right temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which holds the espresso grounds. It is then poured into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure that pushes through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a whipped-up top of the espresso. This is one of the main characteristics of a good espresso.

There are three types of espresso machines, each with different types of pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are various ways that the brew may be controlled as well as the size of the cup that the maker can create.

The first espresso machines were steam-based. The earliest espresso machines were steam-type machines. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. This is the reason Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni created the modern espresso machine.

The most commonly used espresso machine is a semiautomatic model with an electric pump. These are what people imagine when they think of an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic espresso machine espresso machine, you have to grind the beans and then tamp them yourself but the pump is able to regulate the flow of water and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and the mechanised quality.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines use filters that separate the grounds of coffee as they move through the hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the temperature control system as it keeps the machine from overheating.

A filter also improves flavor, as it permits a longer flowering phase. This allows the beans to release their flavor and gives an opportunity for a better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a great filter can produce a bad cup of coffee, as the quality of the beans and extraction is crucial.

It's in this area that the magic occurs. This is the reason why espresso tastes so delicious. The grouphead, also called the brew head, is where the portafilter (the thing you put the ground coffee for espresso machine in) is placed when making espresso.

In a steam-driven espresso machine, hot water is heated in an airtight tank to create steam. Steam then pushes the hot water through the grounds at high pressure. These machines are cheaper and easier for the owner to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to create the ideal conditions for brewing since they are only operating at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. While the perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They use an air compressor to force hot water through the ground and are much more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.