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Maintaining Timber Windows

A well-maintained wooden window is an important part of a historic building. It illustrates in varying degrees the various materials and techniques design, craftsmanship and aesthetics of the time period from which it dates.

If repairs are possible to existing windows are required, they should be carried out in-situ. Repair systems made of resin can be used to repair the most damaged areas of decay without removing the whole window.

Durability

Timber windows were built to last hundreds of years. They require regular maintenance to ensure they look good. Maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cables, retightening of pulleys for sash and painting. The demand for enhancing timber windows to increase efficiency in energy use is also growing. This could include replacing old glazing units, fixing existing window rebates or installing new cills to increase the air seal.

One of the major issues with traditional windows is damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is especially true when it comes to sash windows, as the gaps between sashes may be extremely large. In these instances water can get into the paint film and cause decay of the putty and underlying wood. The rotting can be exacerbated by weather conditions that are not ideal. To stop this from happening, windows must be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint.

The areas that are damaged should be repaired with resin-based products. This will ensure that the greatest amount of the original fabric is retained. It is also important to minimise the number of holes drilled into the frame to allow cable entry, as they could admit water and lead to decay.

The wall's structural movement can cause distortions in the frame and sash. This can lead to the sash fitting incorrectly, jamming or sticking in the opening, and broken glass. This is often corrected by putting in new sash frames constructed of slow-grown deal (pine), or oak. The cill needs to be constructed of a durable hardwood, such as oak, to prevent the movement of new and existing work.

There are several companies that make Boston pattern wooden windows and doors cambridge - Read the Full Document, sash that fit in with the majority of openings. These sash come in a variety of sizes and finishes to fit the needs of modern-day homeowners. Together with quadruple draught strips and improved thermal insulation, these new sash can make a substantial difference to the energy efficiency of a house.

Aesthetics

Many old wooden windows have an excellent aesthetic value because they typically demonstrate, in a way, the materials and technology and architectural style of the time from which they originate. They may also have significant historical value as a set. This is particularly true for windows that were unglazed in the early days of timber-framed buildings, where the majority of them were series of openings in structural frames that were subdivided horizontally by mullions with vertical wood or iron bars in order to keep out intrusions.

Traditional window repair joinery made of timber can be a stunning feature of a building and it is important to keep it looking good. As soon as you notice any decay caused by the penetration of moisture it is essential to stop it. It is best to do this with thorough painting, especially where there is damage or degradation. It is recommended to choose paints that are intended to be used in a system (primer undercoat and finish) and to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for preparation and number of coats at each stage.

Wet rot is a frequent problem in old timber windows and the best way to stop it becoming a problem is to take out any damaged or rotten parts as soon as you can to stop the spread of the fungus responsible for it. The replacement of rotting timber should be carefully undertaken using slow grown deal (pine) and, whenever possible, the same species as that which is being removed to avoid any movement differences between the new section and the existing timbers.

Glass became more affordable and abundant in the late medieval period and into the 17th century. As a result, the double glazed door repairs openings in timber-framed homes became more complex with moulded mullions, tracery made of wood and deep cills projecting into the air. Increasingly, the glazing was set within rebated frames and then pinned with 'glazing sprigs' rather than being inserted into lead cames. This method of glazing is not only less susceptible to leaks, but also allows for much wider and clearer sheets of glass to be used in windows than would have been possible without the need for leaded lights.

Energy efficiency

Traditional timber windows have excellent energy efficiency due to their thickness, multi-layer construction and very attentive attention to detail. The large glass areas, the deep projection cills and wide glazing areas help to reduce air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draught proofing, the windows can be improved to increase their energy efficiency. It is crucial to remember that these measures should be considered when it comes to the overall integrity and appearance of the original windows.

As a result, retaining existing historic windows that require repair rather than replacing them is sensible, particularly when their thermal enhancements can be achieved economically through simple repairs and upgrades. Older windows typically have a historical value that illustrates a variety of technological advances and changes in architectural tastes. Most people think that these windows will need to be replaced in the near future. However, most will last for 150,200, and even 250 years if they are maintained with proper maintenance.

It is crucial to understand that decay issues with traditional timber windows can be preventable by timely and thorough repairs. It is also important to identify damp problems and correct them swiftly in order to avoid major damage. The early deterioration of paint can be a problem because it allows moisture to get into the wood, which can cause wet rot. This damage is often not noticed until the paintwork is damaged or wavy but it can cause severe structural damage and lead to further decay.

A high-quality paint will stop this moisture penetration. It is also important to keep the paintwork spotless to avoid condensation and the growth of mould. Modern synthetic paints are problematic since they are usually water-resistant and may cause mildew to develop in the window frame.

The majority of windows from the past were constructed from timber with the majority of sapwood. These timbers deteriorate quickly if exposed to rain, but they can be preserved with an extensive preservation treatment prior to use. It is crucial to select the appropriate type of wood for the site and climate, as these variables will affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers create a range of sash made of timber that can be tailored to fit specific openings in historic buildings. They can be made to the standard Boston pattern dimensions or to specific dimensions that are compatible with historic buildings.

Maintenance

Regular inspections, careful redecoration, and timely repairs can prolong the life of wooden windows. The most common cause of decay is moisture infiltration through the deterioration of paint and putty. This can be prevented by using a quality wood preservative and thoroughly painting the wood.

Repairs to sash windows that are old and frameless casement windows must be done with care and with the least amount of disruption. Many of the traditional designs for timber windows can be repaired without dismantling the frame, and this method should be taken whenever feasible. Peeling or loose paint should be removed carefully and sanded lightly to increase the key of the surface, allowing for an improved adhesion of the new coating. It is crucial to avoid removing old paint layers, which may have historical significance.

If a piece of wood has rotted the best option is to take it off and replace it with timber inserts shaped to match the existing profiles. The timber inserts should be treated using wood preservative and the junction between masonry sub-cill and timber cill should be sealed.

It is tempting to replace traditional windows with PVC U, particularly if the installer offers an all-in-one installation that includes both removal and replacement in one day. It is essential that installers of replacement windows have a deep understanding of the history and design of traditional timber frames. This will enable them to make appropriate recommendations for energy efficiency improvements as well as other technological improvements that don't harm the character of a historic building. Those who provide replacement windows should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme, such as FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are approved by the Building Regulations as a suitable alternative. A skilled carpenter can install PVC-u windows that are suited to original building's character. This is especially applicable when windows are in conservation areas or listed buildings.